Slavery

Slavery is the condition of a person being owned by someone else, forced to work, and without personal freedoms.

Scott Act (United States) (1888)

Proposition 187 (Save Our State Initiative)

Proposition 187 was a controversial California anti-immigration initiative approved by California voters on November 8, 1994.

Ozawa v. United States (1922)

In this dramatic court case, the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that Japanese were not white and therefore could not be naturalized as U.S. citizens.

Chinese Immigration Act (Canada) (1885)

Incorporating recommendations from the Royal Commission on Chinese Immigration (1884–85), the Chinese Immigration Act was the first Canadian legislation to formally limit immigration based on race.

African forced migration

Throughout most of America’s history, Americans of African descent were its largest minority group.

Racial and ethnic categories in Canada

Racial and ethnic categories in the United States

Racial and ethnic categories

Racism