Egyptian immigration

Egyptians have never emigrated in large numbers from their homeland. In the U.S. census of 2000 and the Canadian census of 2001, 142,832 Americans and 41,310 Canadians claimed Egyptian descent.

Ellis Island

The Ellis Island immigration station, located in New York harbor, was the entry point for three-quarters of American immigrants between its opening in 1892 and the implementation of the restrictive Johnson-Reed Act of 1924.

Emergency Quota Act (United States) (1921)

Signed in May 1921, the Emergency Quota Act established the first ethnic quota system for selective admittance of immigrants to the United States.

Empire Settlement Act (Canada) (1922)

With the dramatic decline of immigrant admissions and rise in alien deportations during World War I (1914–1918), the Canadian government tried several means of attracting agriculturalists and domestics.

Enclosure movement

Entertainment and immigration

Entertainment in early 19th century North America was centered in the home.

Estonian immigration

Estonian immigration to North America has been small and closely tied to political events in Europe. In the U.S. census of 2000 and the Canadian census of 2001, 25,034 Americans and 22,085 Canadians claimed Estonian descent.

Ethiopian immigration

Ethiopians were among the first Africans to voluntarily immigrate to the United States, mainly as a result of cold war conflicts.

Evian Conference

Sponsored by the United States, the Evian Conference brought 30 nations together in Evian, France, to discuss the plight of European refugees during summer 1938.

Ellen Louks Fairclough (1905–2004) politician

Ellen Louks Fairclough, Canada’s first woman federal cabinet minister, presided over a major overhaul of the country’s longstanding “white Canada” immigration policy.

Filipino immigration

Because the United States had acquired the Philippines as a colonial territory in 1898, Filipinos were in some ways privileged immigrants during the 20th century and second in number only to Chinese among Asian immigrants to the United States.

Finnish immigration

Finns were among the earliest settlers in North America, forming a substantial portion of the colony of New Sweden, founded in 1638 along the Delaware River (see DELAWARE COLONY).

Fourteenth Amendment (United States) (1868)

Proposed in 1865 and ratified in 1868, the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States defined citizenship to include former slaves and to protect them from violations of their civil rights.

French immigration

Gentlemen’s Agreement

The Gentlemen’s Agreement was an informal set of executive arrangements between the United States and Japan in 1907–08 that defused a hostile standoff over the results of Japanese labor migration to California.